如何使用Python脚本在Linux中实现邮件发送与接收
在Linux系统中,我们可以使用Python脚本来实现邮件的发送与接收功能。Python的smtplib和imaplib模块提供了相应的功能。
一、邮件发送
要实现邮件发送功能,首先需要准备好发送方的邮件地址和SMTP服务器的相关信息。以下是一个简单的示例代码:
import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText def send_email(): # 发送方的邮箱地址和授权码 sender_email = "your_email@gmail.com" sender_password = "your_password" # 接收方的邮箱地址 receiver_email = "recipient_email@gmail.com" # 邮件主题和内容 subject = "Hello from Python Script" body = "This is a test email sent from a Python script." # 创建邮件对象 message = MIMEText(body, "plain") message["Subject"] = subject message["From"] = sender_email message["To"] = receiver_email # 发送邮件 try: server = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.gmail.com", 587) server.starttls() server.login(sender_email, sender_password) server.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, message.as_string()) print("Email sent successfully") except Exception as e: print("Failed to send email. Error:", str(e)) finally: server.quit() send_email()
在上述代码中,我们使用了Gmail的SMTP服务器来发送邮件。可以根据需要替换为其他SMTP服务器,同时要注意更改相应的端口号。
二、邮件接收
要实现邮件接收功能,需要准备好接收方的邮箱地址、IMAP服务器的信息以及登录凭证。以下是一个简单的示例代码:
import imaplib def receive_email(): # 接收方的邮箱地址和授权码 email_address = "recipient_email@gmail.com" email_password = "your_password" try: # 连接到IMAP服务器 mailbox = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL("imap.gmail.com") mailbox.login(email_address, email_password) # 选择邮箱 mailbox.select("INBOX") # 搜索并获取最新的邮件 result, data = mailbox.search(None, "ALL") latest_email_id = data[0].split()[-1] result, data = mailbox.fetch(latest_email_id, "(RFC822)") # 解析邮件内容 email_text = data[0][1].decode("utf-8") print("Received email: ", email_text) except Exception as e: print("Failed to receive email. Error:", str(e)) finally: mailbox.close() mailbox.logout() receive_email()
在上述代码中,我们同样使用了Gmail的IMAP服务器来接收邮件。同样可以根据需要替换为其他IMAP服务器。